The 23 Strangest Laws from History (That Will Leave You Puzzled)

Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons

The 23 Strangest Laws from History (That Will Leave You Puzzled)

Christian Wiedeck, M.Sc.

It Was Illegal to Die in Parliament (UK)

It Was Illegal to Die in Parliament (UK) (image credits: unsplash)
It Was Illegal to Die in Parliament (UK) (image credits: unsplash)

The rumor that it’s illegal to die in the Palace of Westminster has captivated people for decades, but like many legal myths, it’s more fiction than fact. It derives from a myth that anyone who dies in a royal palace – which technically includes the Houses of Parliament – is entitled to a state funeral. However, the Law Commission’s Statute Law Repeals team, which has been responsible for rescinding 2,000 outdated laws since 1965, asserts that it is not illegal to die in the Houses of Parliament.

The reality is quite different from the myth. The Law Commission’s Statute Law Repeals team came up with only four known examples, two of whom were executed plotters from the Gunpowder Plot, rather than natural deaths. There was only one in the whole of the 20th century, namely the MP for North West Staffordshire, Sir Alfred Billson, who died while voting on a sugar tax in 1907. He did not receive a state funeral.

What makes this myth particularly amusing is how it continues to persist despite being thoroughly debunked. While it’s true that any death in a royal palace falls under the jurisdiction of the coroner of the Queen’s household, according to the Coroners Act of 1988, there is no legal obligation for a state funeral. So while you technically can’t be arrested for dying in Parliament, you also won’t get a fancy state funeral out of it.

No Kissing on Sundays (Connecticut, USA, 1600s)

No Kissing on Sundays (Connecticut, USA, 1600s) (image credits: unsplash)
No Kissing on Sundays (Connecticut, USA, 1600s) (image credits: unsplash)

The Puritans of colonial New England took their Sabbath observance seriously, and this extended to some surprisingly intimate restrictions. Back then, folks took the commandment about keeping the Sabbath seriously. Any number of activities were prohibited on Sunday, including washing dishes, going for a walk, visiting neighbors, and kissing your wife in public. Yes, you read that correctly – even marital affection was regulated by law on the Lord’s Day.

The most famous example of this law in action involved a Captain Kemble returned to Boston after being at sea for three years, met his wife at the front door and kissed her, right on the doorstep. For this display of affection after a three-year separation, he was reportedly put in the stocks. The Puritans believed such displays disrupted the sanctity of the Sabbath and could lead others astray from their religious duties.

While many sources claim this law existed specifically in Connecticut, it’s not to the best of anyone’s knowledge. There is nothing in the ordinances of the City of Hartford or in CT state law prohibiting kissing on Sundays. However, the Blue Laws of the Colony of Connecticut are an invented set of harsh statutes governing conduct in the Puritan colony, listed in a history of Connecticut that was published in 1781 in London by the Reverend Samuel Peters, an Anglican who had been forced to leave America. Peters’ book popularized the term “blue laws”, referring to laws restricting activities on Sunday. Peters was an Anglican priest hostile to the cause of American independence and had been forced to flee to London in late 1774, shortly before the Revolutionary War began; he made up 45 harsh laws as a hoax to discredit America as backwards and fanatical. So while Sunday kissing wasn’t actually illegal, the spirit of strict Sabbath observance was very real.

Must Wear a Smile (Milan, Italy)

Must Wear a Smile (Milan, Italy) (image credits: flickr)
Must Wear a Smile (Milan, Italy) (image credits: flickr)

In one of history’s most cheerful legal mandates, Milan supposedly required its citizens to maintain a pleasant expression at all times while in public. This centuries-old law demanded that people smile continuously, transforming the city into what must have been either a wonderfully happy place or a deeply uncomfortable theater of forced joy. The only exceptions to this relentless positivity were during funerals and hospital visits, where grief and concern were considered appropriate.

The law was reportedly enforced as a civic duty, with the idea that a smiling population would create a more pleasant environment for everyone. Imagine the pressure of having to maintain your facial expression under legal scrutiny – it’s like being trapped in a medieval customer service job. The enforcement of such a law would have been both fascinating and terrifying to witness.

While the concept seems absurd by today’s standards, it reflects a historical attempt to legislate social behavior and public mood. The idea that happiness could be mandated by law shows how far some governments were willing to go to control their citizens’ daily lives. Whether this law actually existed or was more of a local custom that got blown out of proportion remains unclear, but it certainly captures the imagination.

Men Must Wear Tights (France, 14th Century)

Men Must Wear Tights (France, 14th Century) (image credits: unsplash)
Men Must Wear Tights (France, 14th Century) (image credits: unsplash)

Fashion and law collided dramatically in 14th-century France when King Charles V decreed that men in his court must wear brightly colored tights and codpieces as symbols of their noble status. This wasn’t just a fashion statement – it was a legal requirement that separated the aristocracy from the common people through mandatory leg wear. The more vibrant and elaborate your tights, the higher your social standing was perceived to be.

The codpiece, that peculiar medieval accessory, was not optional but required equipment for any man hoping to make a good impression at court. These padded or stuffed fabric pouches were worn over the groin area and were often decorated with jewels, embroidery, or other ornate details. The combination of colorful tights and prominent codpieces created a court atmosphere that would seem almost comically theatrical today.

This law essentially turned male nobility into peacocks, with each trying to outdo the other in the brightness and elaborateness of their leg wear. The requirement served multiple purposes: it displayed wealth (as fine fabrics and dyes were expensive), reinforced class distinctions, and created a visual spectacle that reflected the power and grandeur of the royal court. Failure to comply with these fashion mandates could result in exclusion from court functions and social ostracism.

No Ice Cream on Cherry Pie (Kansas, USA, early 1900s)

No Ice Cream on Cherry Pie (Kansas, USA, early 1900s) (image credits: flickr)
No Ice Cream on Cherry Pie (Kansas, USA, early 1900s) (image credits: flickr)

In what might be one of the most tragic culinary laws ever enacted, Kansas reportedly prohibited the serving of ice cream on cherry pie in state restaurants during the early 1900s. This seemingly arbitrary restriction on dessert combinations has puzzled food historians and dessert lovers alike for generations. The law allegedly targeted this specific pairing while leaving other ice cream and pie combinations perfectly legal.

The reasoning behind this bizarre regulation is murky, but some sources suggest it stemmed from concerns about overindulgence or potentially health-related issues. Perhaps there was a belief that the combination of cold ice cream and tart cherries could cause digestive problems, or maybe it was simply considered an unseemly display of gluttony. The fact that it specifically targeted cherry pie rather than all fruit pies makes it even more mysterious.

Restaurant owners must have found this law particularly frustrating, as cherry pie à la mode was likely a popular dessert choice. The enforcement of such a specific culinary restriction would have required vigilant monitoring of dessert service, creating an almost comedic situation where law enforcement officials might have to intervene in ice cream scooping activities. Whether this law actually existed or was more of a local ordinance that got exaggerated over time remains a delicious mystery.

Ban on “Ugly” People in Public (Chicago, 1881)

Ban on
Ban on “Ugly” People in Public (Chicago, 1881) (image credits: unsplash)

Chicago’s “Ugly Law” of 1881 represents one of the most disturbing examples of discriminatory legislation in American history. This ordinance made it illegal for anyone deemed “unsightly” or disabled to appear in public places, effectively criminalizing physical difference and disability. The law was part of a broader movement to create “aesthetic” public spaces by removing people who were considered visually disturbing to the general population.

The legislation specifically targeted individuals with visible disabilities, deformities, or simply those who didn’t meet conventional standards of attractiveness. Violators faced fines and could be arrested for the crime of being seen in public while disabled or disfigured. This created a terrifying system where law enforcement had the power to determine who was “too ugly” to be in public spaces, leading to widespread discrimination and social exclusion.

The law remained in effect for nearly a century, serving as a stark reminder of how legal systems can be used to marginalize vulnerable populations. It wasn’t until 1974 that this shameful ordinance was finally repealed, though similar laws existed in other cities across the United States. The “Ugly Law” stands as a dark example of how societies have attempted to legislate normalcy and exclude those who don’t conform to arbitrary standards of appearance.

No High Heels on Ancient Grounds (Greece)

No High Heels on Ancient Grounds (Greece) (image credits: By Gürkan Sengün, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16060376)
No High Heels on Ancient Grounds (Greece) (image credits: By Gürkan Sengün, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16060376)

In 2009, Greece implemented a modern law with ancient motivations, banning high heels at historic archaeological sites throughout the country. This regulation was designed to protect millennia-old stones, marble surfaces, and delicate archaeological remains from damage caused by the concentrated pressure of stiletto heels. The law applies to some of the world’s most famous historical sites, including the Acropolis in Athens and other UNESCO World Heritage locations.

The ban makes practical sense when you consider that high heels can create pressure points of up to 1,000 pounds per square inch, potentially causing irreparable damage to ancient stone surfaces that have already survived thousands of years. Greek authorities were particularly concerned about the growing number of tourists visiting these sites, many of whom wore inappropriate footwear that could cause chipping, cracking, or other damage to irreplaceable historical artifacts.

Enforcement of this law has created some amusing situations, with tourists having to quickly find alternative footwear or risk being denied entry to sites they’ve traveled thousands of miles to see. The regulation has also sparked debates about the intersection of fashion, tourism, and cultural preservation. While some visitors complain about the inconvenience, most understand that protecting these ancient treasures for future generations is worth sacrificing their shoe choices for a few hours.

Witches Must Register (Salem, Massachusetts, 1692)

Witches Must Register (Salem, Massachusetts, 1692) (image credits: wikimedia)
Witches Must Register (Salem, Massachusetts, 1692) (image credits: wikimedia)

During the infamous Salem witch trials of 1692, Massachusetts implemented laws requiring accused witches to either confess their supernatural activities or face severe punishment, including execution. These legal requirements were part of a broader system of religious and civil law that treated witchcraft as a serious crime against both God and the state. The registration or confession process was designed to identify and eliminate what authorities believed was a genuine threat to the community.

The witch trial laws created a horrifying catch-22 situation: those who confessed to witchcraft were often spared execution but faced imprisonment and social ostracism, while those who maintained their innocence were more likely to be executed. This legal framework encouraged false confessions and created an atmosphere of paranoia and fear that tore apart the community. The trials resulted in the execution of 20 people and the imprisonment of many more.

The Salem witch trials represent one of the darkest chapters in American legal history, demonstrating how fear, superstition, and religious extremism can corrupt the justice system. The laws governing these trials were later recognized as fundamentally flawed and unjust, leading to official apologies and pardons for the victims. The events at Salem have since become a cautionary tale about the dangers of mass hysteria and the importance of due process in legal proceedings.

Must Own a Gun (Kennesaw, Georgia, 1982)

Must Own a Gun (Kennesaw, Georgia, 1982) (image credits: flickr)
Must Own a Gun (Kennesaw, Georgia, 1982) (image credits: flickr)

In 1982, the town of Kennesaw, Georgia, passed one of the most controversial mandatory gun ownership laws in American history. The ordinance required all heads of households to own a firearm and ammunition, with exceptions for conscientious objectors, those with disabilities, and convicted felons. This unusual law was passed as a political statement in response to a handgun ban enacted in Morton Grove, Illinois, creating a stark contrast between two communities’ approaches to gun policy.

The law was largely symbolic and was never seriously enforced, as it included broad exemptions and no real penalties for non-compliance. However, it generated significant national media attention and debate about gun rights, local governance, and the effectiveness of mandatory gun ownership in deterring crime. Supporters argued that it would make criminals think twice about targeting the community, while critics worried about the safety implications of mandating gun ownership.

Interestingly, Kennesaw has maintained relatively low crime rates since the law’s passage, though establishing a direct causal relationship between gun ownership requirements and crime reduction remains disputed among researchers. The ordinance still exists today, though it remains largely unenforced and symbolic. The law has made Kennesaw famous in gun rights circles and continues to be cited in debates about Second Amendment rights and local authority over firearms regulations.

Dueling Is Legal—If You’re Blood-Free (Paraguay)

Dueling Is Legal—If You're Blood-Free (Paraguay) (image credits: unsplash)
Dueling Is Legal—If You’re Blood-Free (Paraguay) (image credits: unsplash)

Paraguay has maintained one of the world’s most unusual legal provisions regarding dueling, technically allowing this ancient practice under very specific and somewhat bizarre conditions. The law permits dueling only if both participants are registered blood donors and a qualified medical professional is present at the scene. This strange requirement seems to blend old-world honor culture with modern medical sensibilities, creating a uniquely Paraguayan approach to legalized combat.

The blood donor requirement presumably serves multiple purposes: it ensures that participants are healthy enough to safely engage in combat, demonstrates their commitment to serving society, and provides a ready supply of compatible blood should injuries occur. The mandatory presence of medical personnel further emphasizes the attempt to make this inherently dangerous activity as safe as possible while still preserving its traditional form.

While dueling is technically legal under these conditions, actual duels are extraordinarily rare in modern Paraguay. The law appears to be more of a historical curiosity than a practical legal framework, as contemporary Paraguayans generally resolve their disputes through conventional legal channels rather than sword fights. The regulation stands as a fascinating example of how traditional practices can be preserved in legal codes even as they become obsolete in practice.

No Reincarnation Without Government Approval (China, 2007)

No Reincarnation Without Government Approval (China, 2007) (image credits: unsplash)
No Reincarnation Without Government Approval (China, 2007) (image credits: unsplash)

In 2007, China implemented one of the most spiritually intrusive laws in modern history, requiring Tibetan Buddhist monks to obtain government permission before reincarnating. This regulation was specifically designed to control the selection of reincarnated religious leaders, particularly targeting the succession of the Dalai Lama and other high-ranking lamas. The law asserts the Chinese government’s authority over religious practices that have been conducted independently for centuries.

The regulation requires that all reincarnations of “living Buddhas” be approved by the State Administration for Religious Affairs, effectively giving the Chinese government veto power over spiritual succession. This unprecedented intrusion into religious practices reflects broader tensions between Chinese authorities and Tibetan Buddhist communities, as the government seeks to control religious leadership and influence. The law has been widely criticized as an absurd overreach that demonstrates fundamental misunderstanding of Buddhist beliefs.

The practical implications of this law are both serious and surreal. It creates the bizarre situation where government bureaucrats must evaluate and approve claims of spiritual rebirth, turning religious succession into a state-controlled administrative process. The regulation has been largely rejected by Tibetan Buddhist communities and international observers, who view it as an illegitimate attempt to manipulate religious practices for political purposes. The law remains in effect today, continuing to complicate relations between China and Tibetan Buddhist communities.

No Whistling Underwater (Vermont, USA)

No Whistling Underwater (Vermont, USA) (image credits: unsplash)
No Whistling Underwater (Vermont, USA) (image credits: unsplash)

Vermont once had on its books what might be the most physically impossible law ever enacted: a prohibition against whistling underwater. This regulation appears to have been either an elaborate joke, a satirical commentary on overly specific legislation, or perhaps a legal error that somehow made it into the official code. The sheer impossibility of the act makes enforcement not just impractical but scientifically impossible.

The law’s existence raises fascinating questions about the legislative process and how such obviously unenforceable regulations can become official statutes. It may have been included as a humorous addition by lawmakers with a sense of irony, or it could have been a deliberate attempt to highlight the absurdity of overly detailed legal codes. Some legal scholars suggest it might have been intended as a catch-all provision to prevent underwater noise pollution, though this explanation seems unlikely given the specific mention of whistling.

While the law appears to be historical curiosity rather than serious legislation, it represents the kind of legal oddity that makes for great conversation at dinner parties. The regulation serves as a reminder that legal codes can sometimes contain surprising and seemingly nonsensical provisions, whether through oversight, humor, or historical accident. Whether this law ever actually existed in Vermont’s official statutes or was simply a widely repeated myth remains a matter of debate among legal historians.

No Sandwich Sharing at School (Rome, 1970s)

No Sandwich Sharing at School (Rome, 1970s) (image credits: By Diderot's dreams, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8854660)
No Sandwich Sharing at School (Rome, 1970s) (image credits: By Diderot’s dreams, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8854660)

In the 1970s, some schools in Rome implemented a unique anti-discrimination policy by prohibiting students from sharing their lunches with classmates. This unusual rule was designed to prevent socioeconomic divisions and peer pressure that could arise when students with elaborate packed lunches shared with those who had less impressive meals. The policy aimed to create a more equitable dining environment by eliminating the social dynamics that often develop around food sharing.

The reasoning behind this ban was rooted in concerns about class consciousness and social pressure among children. Educators worried that students from wealthier families might use food sharing as a way to display their superior economic status, while children from poorer families might feel pressured to reciprocate or feel embarrassed about their own lunches. By preventing all food sharing, schools hoped to minimize these potentially harmful social dynamics.

The enforcement of such a rule would have created interesting challenges for teachers and administrators, who would need to monitor lunch periods to ensure no unauthorized sandwich exchanges were taking place. The policy reflects broader European concerns about social inequality and the role of schools in creating egalitarian environments. Whether this approach actually reduced social tensions or simply shifted them to other areas of school life remains an open question, but it demonstrates how far some institutions were willing to go to address perceived inequality.

Pickles Must Bounce (Connecticut, USA, 1948)

Pickles Must Bounce (Connecticut, USA, 1948) (image credits: unsplash)
Pickles Must Bounce (Connecticut, USA, 1948) (image credits: unsplash)

Connecticut’s pickle bouncing law of 1948 established one of the most unique food safety standards in American history. The regulation required that for a pickle to be legally sold in the state, it must bounce when dropped from a reasonable height. This seemingly absurd requirement was actually a practical test for determining pickle quality and preventing food fraud, as properly pickled cucumbers maintain their firmness and elasticity.

The bounce test was based on sound food science principles: genuine pickles that have been properly cured and preserved retain their structural integrity and will bounce when dropped, while inferior or spoiled pickles will splat or break apart. This simple physical test allowed inspectors to quickly assess whether pickles met quality standards without requiring expensive laboratory testing. The law was part of broader efforts to combat food adulteration and protect consumers from inferior products.

Food inspectors would literally drop pickles to test their compliance with state law, creating scenes that must have been both amusing and professionally serious. The regulation helped establish Connecticut as a state with high food safety standards, though it also created some bureaucratic absurdity as officials had to determine the proper dropping height and bouncing requirements. While the law may seem ridiculous, it actually served a legitimate purpose in ensuring food quality and consumer protection during an era when food safety regulations were still developing.

No Dying in Longyearbyen (Norway)

No Dying in Longyearbyen (Norway) (image credits: flickr)
No Dying in Longyearbyen (Norway) (image credits: flickr)

The Arctic town of Longyearbyen, Norway, has maintained one of the world’s most practically motivated death prohibitions since the 1950s. The law technically forbids dying within the town limits, but this isn’t based on legal technicalities or bureaucratic absurdity – it’s a matter of environmental necessity. The permafrost in this remote Arctic location prevents bodies from decomposing normally, essentially preserving corpses indefinitely and creating serious public health concerns.

The discovery that bodies buried in Longyearbyen’s cemetery weren’t decomposing properly led to the unusual legal situation where residents who become terminally ill are required to travel to mainland Norway for end-of-life care. This creates both practical and emotional challenges for families, as they must leave their community during its most difficult times. The law effectively makes Longyearbyen a place where people can live but not die, at least not officially.

The regulation has created unique social dynamics in the town, where residents must plan not just for living in one of the world’s most remote locations but also for dying elsewhere. Medical facilities in Longyearbyen focus on emergency and basic care, with the understanding that serious health issues require evacuation to the mainland. This strange legal requirement highlights how environmental factors can shape legal systems in unexpected ways, creating situations where natural conditions force lawmakers to regulate even the most fundamental aspects of human existence.

Husbands Could Sell Their Wives (England, 17th–19th Century)

Husbands Could Sell Their Wives (England, 17th–19th Century) (image credits: wikimedia)
Husbands Could Sell Their Wives (England, 17th–19th Century) (image credits: wikimedia)

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