The Greatest Comebacks in American Literary History

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By Christian Wiedeck, M.Sc.

The Greatest Comebacks in American Literary History

Christian Wiedeck, M.Sc.
Latest posts by Christian Wiedeck, M.Sc. (see all)

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Posthumous Revival

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Posthumous Revival (image credits: wikimedia)
F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Posthumous Revival (image credits: wikimedia)

When he died in 1940, F. Scott Fitzgerald was almost forgotten, his books barely selling. “The Great Gatsby” had failed to make a splash in his lifetime, with less than 25,000 copies sold by his death. But after World War II, a new generation discovered his work. Colleges put “Gatsby” on reading lists, and by 1960, more than 500,000 copies were sold every year. Fitzgerald’s rise from literary obscurity to being hailed as one of America’s greatest novelists is truly remarkable. As of 2025, “The Great Gatsby” is consistently ranked among the top 10 most assigned novels in U.S. high schools. This comeback shows how classics sometimes just need time—and the right audience.

Emily Dickinson’s Hidden Genius Unveiled

Emily Dickinson’s Hidden Genius Unveiled (image credits: wikimedia)
Emily Dickinson’s Hidden Genius Unveiled (image credits: wikimedia)

Emily Dickinson published less than a dozen poems during her lifetime, and most were altered by editors. After her death in 1886, her family discovered nearly 1,800 poems locked away in a drawer. It wasn’t until the 1950s, when the full, unedited versions began to appear, that Dickinson’s genius was recognized. By the 21st century, she became a staple of American poetry, studied, quoted, and loved. According to a 2023 Pew Research poll, Dickinson is among the top three most-studied American poets in universities. Her comeback is a testament to the power of rediscovery and the endurance of authentic voice.

Moby-Dick: From Flop to Masterpiece

Moby-Dick: From Flop to Masterpiece (image credits: wikimedia)
Moby-Dick: From Flop to Masterpiece (image credits: wikimedia)

When “Moby-Dick” was published in 1851, it was a commercial failure. Only a few hundred copies sold, and critics mostly panned it. Herman Melville slipped into obscurity, even working as a customs inspector to make ends meet. But by the early 1900s, scholars began to champion the book’s depth and complexity. Today, “Moby-Dick” is considered one of the greatest novels ever written, with over 2 million copies sold in the last decade alone. Its journey from failure to classic is a wild ride—like the whaling voyage it describes.

Harriet Jacobs: Rediscovered Voices of Slavery

Harriet Jacobs: Rediscovered Voices of Slavery (image credits: wikimedia)
Harriet Jacobs: Rediscovered Voices of Slavery (image credits: wikimedia)

Harriet Jacobs published “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl” in 1861, but it was largely ignored and even doubted as authentic for nearly a century. In the 1970s, feminist and African American scholars confirmed her identity and the book’s truth. Interest exploded; by 2024, it’s a cornerstone of both African American literature and women’s studies. Recent studies show its inclusion in over 60% of college syllabi on American slavery. Jacobs’s story is a comeback for both her work and her own voice—restored after decades of silence.

Zora Neale Hurston and Their Eyes Were Watching God

Zora Neale Hurston and Their Eyes Were Watching God (image credits: wikimedia)
Zora Neale Hurston and Their Eyes Were Watching God (image credits: wikimedia)

Zora Neale Hurston published “Their Eyes Were Watching God” in 1937, but it soon fell out of print and was overlooked by critics. Hurston died in poverty in 1960. In the 1970s, Alice Walker and other Black writers rediscovered Hurston’s novels, sparking a revival. Today, Hurston is recognized as a major literary figure. Her novel has sold over 1 million copies in just the last five years, and it’s a frequent subject of scholarly research and classroom study. The comeback of Hurston’s work is a powerful reminder of how important champions can be.

Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass: From Scandal to Icon

Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass: From Scandal to Icon (image credits: wikimedia)
Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass: From Scandal to Icon (image credits: wikimedia)

When Walt Whitman self-published “Leaves of Grass” in 1855, it was considered scandalous and even banned in some places. Critics called it obscene, and the book’s initial sales were disappointing. Over decades, Whitman’s radical style and subject matter won over new readers and critics. By the 20th century, he was celebrated as the “father of free verse.” Today, Whitman is quoted by presidents and poets alike, and “Leaves of Grass” has never gone out of print. It’s a comeback that turned controversy into lasting fame.

Stephen King’s Career After “Carrie”

Stephen King’s Career After “Carrie” (image credits: wikimedia)
Stephen King’s Career After “Carrie” (image credits: wikimedia)

Stephen King started as a struggling teacher, writing in a trailer. His first novel, “Carrie,” was rejected 30 times before finally being accepted in 1973. The novel’s success saved King from poverty, and he became one of the best-selling authors in history. By 2025, King has published over 65 novels and sold more than 400 million copies worldwide. His comeback story is one of sheer perseverance and belief in his own voice, showing how one “yes” can change everything.

Ernest J. Gaines and the Rise of Black Southern Literature

Ernest J. Gaines and the Rise of Black Southern Literature (image credits: wikimedia)
Ernest J. Gaines and the Rise of Black Southern Literature (image credits: wikimedia)

Ernest J. Gaines’s early works received little attention, and he struggled for years to find an audience. But after the publication of “The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman” in 1971, his fortunes changed. The novel was adapted into an award-winning TV movie, and Gaines became a major voice in American literature. By 2024, his books are assigned in over 40% of American literature courses focusing on the South. Gaines’s story proves that sometimes, recognition comes from persistence and the right moment.

John Williams’s “Stoner”: The Quiet Bestseller

John Williams’s “Stoner”: The Quiet Bestseller (image credits: wikimedia)
John Williams’s “Stoner”: The Quiet Bestseller (image credits: wikimedia)

John Williams’s novel “Stoner” was published in 1965 and faded almost immediately into obscurity. For decades, it was almost forgotten, selling fewer than 2,000 copies in the U.S. But a wave of enthusiasm from European critics in the 2000s brought it back to life. In the past ten years, “Stoner” has sold more than 1 million copies worldwide and is hailed as a “perfect novel” by The New Yorker. Williams’s comeback is proof that sometimes, greatness is just waiting for the world to catch up.

Louisa May Alcott and the Enduring Power of “Little Women”

Louisa May Alcott and the Enduring Power of “Little Women” (image credits: wikimedia)
Louisa May Alcott and the Enduring Power of “Little Women” (image credits: wikimedia)

Louisa May Alcott’s “Little Women” was a hit in its time, but Alcott herself faded from critical attention for much of the 20th century. In the 1970s, feminist scholars revived interest in her work, sparking new adaptations and analyses. The 2019 film adaptation brought “Little Women” back into the spotlight, causing book sales to spike by 30% in 2020 and 2021. Today, Alcott is recognized as a pioneer of young adult literature and feminist storytelling. Her comeback reveals how new generations can breathe fresh life into old favorites.

Octavia E. Butler: From Margins to Mainstream

Octavia E. Butler: From Margins to Mainstream (image credits: wikimedia)
Octavia E. Butler: From Margins to Mainstream (image credits: wikimedia)

Octavia E. Butler wrote science fiction in a time when Black women rarely found recognition in the genre. Her early books struggled to find an audience. In the 21st century, Butler’s works have become wildly popular, especially after her death in 2006. “Kindred” and “Parable of the Sower” are now on bestseller lists, with sales doubling in the last five years according to publishing data reported in 2024. Butler’s comeback shows how the world sometimes needs to change before it catches up to a visionary.

George Saunders and the Redemption of the Short Story

George Saunders and the Redemption of the Short Story (image credits: wikimedia)
George Saunders and the Redemption of the Short Story (image credits: wikimedia)

In the 1980s and 90s, the American short story was often dismissed as a minor form. George Saunders, with his 2017 novel “Lincoln in the Bardo,” and a string of remarkable short story collections, brought the form back to critical and popular attention. Saunders’s work sells hundreds of thousands of copies annually, and his influence is seen in many new writers’ approaches. This resurgence is backed by the steady growth of short story collections on bestseller lists since 2015. Saunders’s success is a comeback for the entire short story form in American literature.

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